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The Black Swan cover

The Black Swan

The Impact of the Highly Improbable

The rare, unpredictable events are the ones that matter most.

by Nassim Nicholas Taleb

Nassim Taleb examines black swans: rare, high-impact events that are unpredictable in advance yet rationalized in hindsight. He critiques our overreliance on forecasting, bell-curve thinking, and tidy narratives that blind us to extreme outcomes. The book argues for building robustness against what we cannot foresee.

Startups themselves are often black swan bets, and the markets and technologies founders operate in are shaped by rare, outsized events. Taleb's case for robustness and against false precision in forecasting helps founders prepare for shocks instead of pretending to predict them.

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