What is positioning in plain English, and why does everyone insist we have got it wrong?
Positioning is the context you give a buyer so that your strengths look obvious. It is the answer to 'what kind of thing is this and who is it for', and everything else, your tagline, your website, your pitch, is downstream of it. Most teams get it wrong because they start from what they built rather than from what a customer would use instead of them. The practical version has five parts: the alternatives buyers actually consider, what only you can do, why that matters to them, which customers care most, and what market you want to be judged in. Get those five right and the words write themselves.
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The cleanest statement of the boundary you are asking about: positioning is the input, and messaging, taglines and branding are all things that happen after it. Read this before you let anyone book a messaging workshop.
The clearest short explanation of why market category is one of five interdependent positioning pieces, with a real repositioning story attached. It is also where Dunford makes the case that most companies should not invent a category.
The clearest single hour on how positioning, segmentation and personas differ and how they connect to the sales call. Dunford has done this with 200+ companies including Postman, so the examples are concrete.