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Fooled by Randomness cover

Fooled by Randomness

The Hidden Role of Chance in Life and in the Markets

We mistake luck for skill far more than we admit.

by Nassim Nicholas Taleb

Nassim Taleb argues that humans routinely confuse luck with skill and underestimate the role of chance in life and markets. Drawing on probability, psychology, and his trading experience, he dissects survivorship bias and the narratives we build to explain random outcomes. The book is a provocative case for epistemic humility.

Founders operate in domains where outcomes are noisy and a single rare event can dominate, so Taleb's warnings against overreading success or failure are directly useful. It pushes founders to separate process from outcome and to respect the role of luck in any startup story.

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