Understand your customers

How do I actually uncover the job my customers are hiring my product for?

Interview people who recently switched to or bought something in your space and reconstruct the timeline: what triggered the search, what they used before, what pushed and pulled them. The story of the switch reveals the real job, not a survey asking 'what features do you want?'.

Go deeper

3 resources, 3 link-checked.

📖 Book
✓ Link checked Free Intermediate

The most practitioner-friendly deep dive into JTBD, with interviews and case studies on applying it to real products. Free to read and written by a leading JTBD practitioner.

When Coffee and Kale Compete: Become great at making products people will buy

From jtbd.info / alanklement.com by Alan Klement ~230 pages

  • A job is the struggle to turn a current situation into a preferred one
  • Seemingly unrelated products (coffee vs kale) compete for the same job
  • Study switching moments, the push and pull that make people change
  • Attach value to what the product does for the customer, not to features
Open alanklement.com →
📄 Article
✓ Link checked Freemium Intermediate

This is the canonical piece that put jobs to be done on the map, written by the people who coined it. It uses the famous milkshake story to show that customers do not buy products, they hire them to make progress in a specific situation, which is the exact lens this question is about. Read it as the clearest short starting point before going deeper into JTBD.

Know Your Customers' Jobs to Be Done

From Harvard Business Review by Clayton Christensen et al. ~20 min read

  • Customers hire a product to make progress in a specific circumstance, so the job, not the customer profile, is the unit of analysis.
  • The same product can be hired for very different jobs, which changes how you build and market it.
  • You find the job by studying the struggle and the context, not by asking people to rank features.
Open hbr.org →
▶️ Video
✓ Link checked Free Beginner

When you are new to a space, your instinct is to explain your idea and hope people nod, which teaches you nothing. This YC talk is a concrete guide to running discovery interviews the right way: extract data from the person instead of pitching, and use a small set of questions that work in any industry, including one you are still learning. It pairs well with The Mom Test as the applied version you can watch before your next call.

How to Talk to Users

On Y Combinator (Startup School) by Eric Migicovsky ~25 min

  • The interview is to extract data, not to sell: stop talking about your idea and let them talk about their problem.
  • Skip hypothetical questions (would you use this) and ask what they have actually done to solve the problem today.
  • A handful of questions works across any industry, so you can start interviewing before you are an expert in the space.
Watch on YouTube youtube.com →

People also ask

Also in How Founders Use AI

How founders actually use AI for this, over in Market Research.

Also in GTM

The same ground, over in Who you sell to, and why they care, our GTM track.

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