Article · 10 minute read

Interviewing Users

Jakob Nielsen · Nielsen Norman Group Free Beginner

A broader companion to the leading questions piece, this covers the shape of a whole interview, from opening rapport to the order of questions to how to probe without steering. Read it once the basic don't lead the witness rule is second nature and you want to tighten the rest of the conversation.

  • Start broad and open before narrowing into specifics
  • Probe with silence and tell me more instead of suggesting the next detail yourself
  • Keep the questions you ask separate from the interpretation you do afterward

It answers 2 questions

  1. What are the questions that quietly ruin an interview by leading the person to the answer I want?
  2. As a solo technical founder who hates sales calls, how do I do user research without it draining me every week?

Read with it

  1. The single best thing ever written on customer conversations. It teaches you to ask about the customer's life and past... momtestbook.com Book · ~130 pages The Mom Test Rob Fitzpatrick
  2. A short, practical field guide to customer discovery: who to talk to, how to find them, and how many. Pairs perfectly with The... talkingtohumans.com Book · ~80 pages (free PDF available) Talking to Humans Giff Constable
  3. A deep conversation on why direct questions fail and how story-based interviews surface real behaviour. Torres names the common... Lenny's Newsletter Podcast · ~75 min Teresa Torres on how to interview customers Lenny Rachitsky and Teresa Torres
  4. A short, plain spoken walkthrough of the same mistakes in action, useful if watching an example lands faster for you than... Nielsen Norman Group Video · 6 minutes Five User Interview Mistakes to Avoid (in 5 Minutes) Therese Fessenden
  5. A YC partner turns 'talk to users' into a repeatable 5-question interview script you can use this afternoon. It's The Mom Test... YC Startup Library Video · ~25 min How to Talk to Users Eric Migicovsky (YC / founder of Pebble)
  6. The definitive essay on where good ideas come from: notice problems you personally have, don't force it. Use it as the lens for... paulgraham.com Essay · ~20 min read How to Get Startup Ideas Paul Graham
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